By Amber Roman
Nov 22, 2024, 17:51 PM EST
Mold, an unwanted visitor in many homes, is a microscopic organism that thrives on damp or wet surfaces. From shower curtains and sinks to refrigerators and air conditioning units, this fungus can appear in almost any corner where there is moisture, becoming a potential health risk. While small amounts of mold are usually harmless and can be easily removed, experts warn that the situation changes dramatically when the infested area exceeds the size of a pizza box (about a square foot).
Dr. Nik Money, a fungal microbiologist, has spent decades studying mold behavior. According to the expert, a mold-covered surface of this size can release spores into the air, increasing the chances of them being inhaled and entering the lungs. The most common effects include cough, difficulty breathing, and, in more severe cases, complications that can affect infants, children, and people with compromised immune systems. Additionally, some research suggests that long-term exposure to mold may be linked to cognitive problems and depression.
The problem is not just limited to homes. In the United States, it is estimated that more than 70% of homes and 30% of schools face mold problems. Leaky roofs and lack of adequate ventilation are factors that contribute to its proliferation. In particular, mold in air conditioning units can spread spores throughout an entire home, significantly increasing the risk of exposure.
Among the most common types of mold that can be found indoors is black mold, scientifically known as Stachybotrys. This fungus, often associated with surfaces that have remained moist for long periods, can be especially dangerous when it colonizes large areas. Although not all types of black mold are equally harmful, Dr. Money stresses that its presence should be a cause for concern. Documented cases, such as the death of Awaab Ishak, a two-year-old boy in the United Kingdom, have highlighted the fatal consequences that prolonged exposure can have.
Other types of mold, such as blue (Penicillium), green (mycelium), and pink (bacteria Serratia), are also common in homes. Although some of these fungi are less dangerous—such as Penicilliumfamous for leading to the discovery of penicillin—all have the potential to cause respiratory problems if large amounts of spores are inhaled. Pink mold, for example, although usually harmless, can cause urinary or respiratory infections in people with weakened immune systems.
Control and cleaning are essential to mitigate the risks associated with mold. Dr. Money recommends using bleach or detergent to remove the fungus from small surfaces, discarding contaminated items if the mold has grown extensively. Additionally, wearing masks during the cleaning process is key to avoiding inhalation of spores.
More than 75,000 people in the United States are hospitalized annually for fungal infections, and at least 7,000 die from them, although it is not known how many cases are directly related to mold in the home. In any case, recommendations to prevent its appearance include improving ventilation, repairing leaks and controlling humidity indoors. Mold, despite its role in some beneficial processes, such as the production of certain antibiotics, remains a silent enemy in modern homes. While not all species pose the same level of risk, experts agree that any significant growth must be treated urgently to protect the health of inhabitants. As Dr. Money concludes: “Knowledge is the first line of defense. Recognizing the problem and acting quickly can make the difference between a healthy home and one full of risks.”
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