For more than a month, Constance and Martín *, two brothers aged 3 and 4 respectively, have been locked up with their mother for fear of kidnappings and violence in a country they do not know and hardly speak the language of.
They were born in Chile and communicate in Spanish – have, in fact, Chilean passports – but they were deported by immigration authorities from the United States to Haiti, one of the most dangerous places on the continent.
“We have been here for several weeks and the children do not understand what is happening. We are not leaving because I am afraid that something could happen to them because here the situation is very ugly “, the mother of the minors, a native of Haiti, tells BBC Mundo.
The family left northern Chile a couple of months ago, they crossed the Darién in Panama and went up to the northern border of Mexico, where they were arrested by the US border patrol.
Texas, without even being able to bathe. They treated us very badly. They didn’t even let us shower. Whites could shower and we couldn’t. They left the whites and they sent us to Haiti, where we have no family, where we have nothing ”, she adds.
The woman says that her children They had never been to Haiti, they are not even Haitian citizens, and he says that he emigrated with them thinking that he could give them a better future in the United States.
” I wanted a better life for them and that’s why I went to Chile and that’s why I tried to take them to the United States. I did not want them to have to live in the danger for which I left this country and now we are here ”, he adds.
After the recent caravan of Haitian migrants who arrived at the southern border of the United States, thousands of them have been sent back to the Caribbean nation, including hundreds of minors who were born in other countries of America Latina and are citizens of those nations.
BBC Mundo contacted the Customs and Border Protection Office from the United States to find out the legal bases for the deportation of these minors to Haiti and their position on the complaints made in this story, but had no response before publication.
According to figures from the Organi International Migration Organization (IOM), more than 800 children were deported by the US to Haiti between 19 last September and November 4.
From them more than 404 were born in Chile, 84 in Brazil, six in Venezuela and one in Ecuador, another in Nicaragua and another in Panama.
BBC Mundo contacted these governments to know their positions, but most did not respond to the request for information.
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“That is the number of those that we have been able to confirm with some type of document, be it a birth certificate, passport or some identification. But the figure may be much higher given that some do not have documents or claim that they lost them “, Giuseppe Loprete [ 6 de Venezuela ] tells BBC Mundo , head of the IOM mission in Haiti.
Data from Panamanian authorities indicate that of 000, 000 migrant minors who crossed its borders this year, 7, 000 were born in Chile and 4, 000 on Brazil, all of Haitian parents.
The journalist Mariana Sanches, from BBC Brazil, was among the first to report the deportations of children with other nationalities, especially Brazilians.
Deportations
According to NGO data Witness at the Border , the deportation flights that have taken place in recent months are among the most numerous that have taken place between the US and Haiti in history for a record of over 8, 000 people between September and November.
Guerline M. Jozef, director of the NGO Haitian Bridge Alliance, which represents Haitian immigrants, says the figure becomes more alarming not only because of the number, but by the conditions of the destination to which they have been sent.
“There are thousands of people who have been sent to a place where their lives are in danger. And more alarming is the case of these children, who had never been to Haiti and who have been sent there regardless of their nationality. They have been sent to hell ”, she tells BBC Mundo.
The activist explains that from a legal point of view, the US justifies the deportations in the so-called Title 42 , a policy approved during the Trump administration to expressly deport undocumented immigrants, who are considered a potential public health hazard due to the coronavirus pandemic.
But what has caused frequent questions in recent times is that these minors have been deported not only to a country that is tremendously unsafe, but is also, for most of them, a foreign country .
“Deportations are based on the fact that the parents of these children are of Haitian nationality, so they are sent to the same country where the parents are sent and thus avoid family separations, as happened during Trump’s term ”, explains Josef.
“ Now the families are deported together, but they are sent en masse to a country that it does not have conditions to receive them, of which they are not citizens and where their lives are in danger ”, he says.
Back to Hell
Several international and human rights organizations have warned in recent months on the situation in Haiti, a country that is currently experiencing a wave of kidnappings and that has not yet overcome the devastation of the earthquake last August and the political instability after the assassination of the president in July.
“The capital is going through a serious lack of fuel, there is no electricity and there is a very weak balance in all political institutions. This has led to many parts of the country being controlled by gangs, which frequently kidnap people, mainly children, ”says Loprete.
The country is also experiencing a new wave of coronavirus cases and most hospitals have collapsed due to lack of energy to start their generators.
It makes it very difficult to try to provide support to these families, because for some, having a charged phone is a privilege, because there is no where to charge them ”, he adds.
Susanna Balbo , head of child protection at Unicef in Haiti, says these conditions are particularly dangerous for deported minors, who may be targeted s not only about human traffickers, but also about gangs who want to claim money from their parents because they think that when they return from abroad, they bring savings with them.
“These children are extremely vulnerable and live in families that are also very vulnerable. They are, in most cases, people who have sold all their belongings to undertake this dangerous journey and who, basically, are sent to a country where they have nothing ”, he comments.
“And in that same there is a risk – he adds – because they are people who will try again to escape from Haiti no matter under what conditions, because they feel that any unknown danger to them will be less than the danger they know what it’s like to live in Haiti. ”
Forgotten children
More than a month after the deportation of these hundreds of minors to Haiti, there are no clear answers about their future.
“Children need stability , they need protection and education and it is something that they do not have in Haiti and that Haiti cannot guarantee them ”, considers Balbo.
The activists and the few organizations humanitarian organizations that remain in Haiti agree that the country does not have It has the resources to provide care for these minors, while the governments of the countries where they are citizens do not seem to want to respond to this situation either.
“We have been in contact with several governments and I know that it has been discussed at high levels, but it depends on those governments if they will take any measures to repatriate or help these children and their families ”, says Loprete.
Brazil had previously announced that it will work to repatriate nationals of that country.
BBC Mundo contacted the Foreign or Interior Ministries of Chile, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama and Venezuela to find out if their governments are aware of the situation with these children and if they have any projects to help udar them, but the majority did not respond to the request for information or claimed not to have data about .
“For the specific case to which you refer, we cannot provide information as we do not know specific data that allow monitoring,” indicated the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador.
The Chilean Foreign Ministry commented that “currently the parents of these minors are being located and then checking their immigration status, a way that Chilean children of Haitian parents regularly residing in Chile, can return to the country through the family reunification visa ”.
However, it is not clear what will happen to parents who do not have a regular situation or how a visa, alone, can facilitate the return of families that sometimes do not have to buy food for their day to day.
According to Josef, a situation like this would have been news and generated protests and diplomatic crossings and mobilized personnel from consulates and embassies … “if it weren’t for the fact that they are children of Haitian parents.”
“If any embassy or consulate is notified that more than 400 Child citizens of that country are being deported to another country where they are in danger, they would surely mobilize, file complaints and try to help these minors or offer them some kind of consular assistance ”, he says.
“No government has cared about these children. No government has gone to visit them, who knows how they are. And I don’t think you have to think about the reason too much: they are black children, of Haitian parents. The color of the passport does not matter, but the color of your skin. On these issues, in Latin America, as in the United States, racism and hypocrisy are still very great ”, he adds.
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